Ancient philosophy on tides.

     

Acknowledgement

Rollin A. Harris, Reports of the United States Coast & Geodetic Survey Manual of tides Parts 1-5 1894-1907,  Government Printing Office, Washington, Book 1 Part 1 Appendix 1897.

Thomas R. Eckenrode, Original aspects in Venerable Bede’s tidal theories with relation to prior tidal observations, St. Louis University PhD dissertation, 1970.

Deacon, Margaret, Scientists and the sea 1650-1900, Ashgate, Aldershot, 1971 2nd edition 1997.

Cartwright, David E., Tides a scientific history, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Abbreviations

PG       Patrologia cursus completus. Series graeco-latina. Ed. J.-P. Migne. 167 vols. Paris: Garnier Freres, 1857-1864.

PL        Patrologia cursus completus. Series latina. Ed. J.-P. Migne. 221 vols. Paris: J.-P. Migne & Garnier Freres, 1841-1880, with volumes reissued by Garnier to 1905.

 

Homer c. 700 BC

Homer, Odyssey, T. A. Buckeley, London, 1812,

XII 73 ff p66.

Strabo, Geography, H. L. Jones, London, 1923,

I 1 7 p13.

I 2 36 p160-1.

 

Aeschylus d. 456 BC

Aeschylus, Agamemnon, E. Faenkel, Oxford, 1950,

line 191.

 

Sophocles d. 406 BC

Sophocles, Antigone, E, Wyckoff, Chicago, 1954,

line 1145.

 

Euripedes c. 406 BC

Euripedes, Iphigeneia in Taurica, A. S. Way, London, 1912,

lines 6, 7.

 

Herodotus 484-428 BC

Herodotus, History, A. D. Godley, London, 1928,

II 19 p299, 24 p301

VII 124 129 130 p133

VII 198 p515.

Herodotus, History, G. Rawlinson, Toronto, 1910,

II 11 p115

 

Plato 429-348 BC

Plato, Phaedo, B. Jowett, Oxford, 1953,

Intr. 112 p395.

 

Aristotle 384-322 BC

Aristotle, De Mundo, E. S. Forster, Oxford, 1963,

4.395b p395

Aristotle, De Mirabilibus Auscultationibus, L. D. Dowdall, Oxford, 1913,

834a p834

Aristotle, Meteorologica, H. D. Lee, London, 1952,

II 1 p129

Aristotle, Meteorologica, E. W. Webster, Oxford, 1963,

II 1 p353b.

Aristotle, Problems, W. S, Hett, London, 1957,

XXII p13

Strabo, Geography, H. D. Hamilton & W. Falconer,

III 3 3 p229

Plutarch, Moralia, W. W. Goodwin, Boston, 1878,

III 17 p159.

 

Alexander c. 325 BC

Curtius, History of Alexander the Great, J. C. Rolfe, London, 1946,

IX 9 1-27, 10 3 p441-451

Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, E. I. Robson, London, 1933,

VI 19 1-5 p159-163

VIII 29 11 p393

VIII 30 8 p397

VIII 38 7 p420

VIII 39 849 p423

 

Pytheas c. 325 BC

Strabo, Geography, H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer,

IV 5 5 p299

Aetius, Placita, III 17. IN: H. Diel, Doxographi Graeci, Berlin, 1928, p383.

Plutarch, Moralia, W. W. Goodwin, Boston, 1878,

III 17 p159.

Pliny, Natural History, H. Rackham, London, 1938,

II 99 217 p347.

 

Seleucus 365-283 BC

Plutarch, Moralia, W. W. Goodwin, Boston, 1878,

III 17 p159

Aetius, Placita, (fragments in: Stobaeus, Eclogarum Physicarum et Ethicarum, Libri Uno I 38 7) IN: H. Diel, Doxographi Graeci, Berlin, 1928, p383.

Strabo, Geography, H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer,

III 2 4 p215.

 

Eratosthenes 276-192 BC

Strabo, Geography, H. L. Jones, London, 1923,

I 3 11 p201

I 3 12 p203

I 3 13 p207

 

Crates c. 160 BC

Strabo, Geography, H. L. Jones, London, 1923,

I i 7 p15

II 5 10 p449.

 

Poseidonius c. 130-50 BC

Strabo, Geography, H. L. Jones, London, 1923,

III 5 8 p150

IV 5 8 p149

VI 2 11 p101

Strabo, Geography, H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer,

III 5 8 p261

Pryscian of Lydia, Solutiones Ad Chosroem, I. Bywater, Berlin, 1885

p72.

 

Strabo c. 54 BC-20 AD

Strabo, Geography, H. L. Jones, London, 1923,

I 1 20 p 41-3

I 1 8 p63

I 3 5 p187-9

I 3 8 p195-7

I 3 12 p205

III 2 4 p29

III 3 1 p63

III 5 1 p155

III 5 7 p145-7

IV 5 3 p257

V 1 5 p309

V 1 7 p313

V 2 1 p165-7

VI 2 3 p67

XVI 3 6 p305.

 

Plutarch fl. 50-125 AD

Plutarch, Moralia, W. W. Goodwin, Boston, 1878,

III 17 p159.

 

Julius Caesar 102-44 BC

Caesar, De Bello Gallica, J. Pearl, London, 1923,

IV 29 p68.

 

Lucius Annaeus Seneca 4 BC-65 AD

Seneca, Quaestiones Naturalis, J. Clarke, London, 1910,

III 28 p149-50.

 

Gaius Plinius Secundus 23-79 AD

Pliny, Natural History, H. Rackham, London, 1938,

II 99 212-6 p343-5

 

Periplus (anonymous) c. 80 AD

The periplus of the Erythraen Sea, W. H. Schoff, London, 1912,

45-46 p41.

 

Favorinus c. 125 AD

Gellius, Attic Nights vol III, J. C. Rolfe, London, 1927,

XIV 1 p127.

 

Philostratus c. 217 AD

Philostratus, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, F. C. Conybeare, London, 1917,

IV 47 p463

V 2 p467

 

Solinus c. 280 AD

Solinus, The Excellent and Pleasant Worke, A. Golding, 1587,

23 p120

Solinus, Collectanea Rerum Memorabilium, T. Mommsen, 1864,

18 p120

 

Basil d. 379

Basil, Hexameron,  A. C. Way, Washington, 1963,

6-11 p101

Basil, Hexameron, PG,

XXIX 68 p143

 

Ambrose d. 396

Ambrose, Hexameron, J. J. Savage, Washington, 1961,

IV 7 30 p153

Ambrose, Exameron, C. Schenkl, Leipzig, 1897,

IV 7 30 p135-6

Ambrose, Hexameron, PL,

XIV 76 p203

 

Marcellus Empiricus of Bordeaux fl. 396-later

Marcellus, DeMedicamentis, G. Helmreich, Lipsiae, 1889

15.9 p142

16.101 p168

23.78 p243

25.11-15 p247-8

36.49 p374-5

 

Macrobius c. 420

Macrobius, Commentary on the Dream of Scipio, W. Stahl, New York, 1952,

I 6 61 p112

II 9 3 p214

Macrobius, Commentrarii in Somnium Scipionis, J. Willis, Leipzig, 1963,

1 6 61 p29

II 9 3 p122

 

St. Augustine 354-430

Augustine, Christian Instruction, J. J. Gavigan, New York, 1945

II 29 46 p101

Augustine, City of God, M. Dods, New York, 1950,

V 61 p186

Augustine, De Civitate Dei Contra Paganos, J. C. Welldon, London, 1924,

V 6 p205

 

Priscianus of Lydia C6

Priscianus Lydus, Solutionum ad Chosroem, I. Bywater, Berlin, 1885,

Pt 2, Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, Supp I 570-1 p70-73

 

Isidore of Seville 560-636

Isidore, De Nature Rerum, PL LXXXIII 1011-2

Isidore, Etymologiae, PL LXXXII Ch 14.

 

Irish Augustine c. 652

Irish Augustine, De Mirabilibus Sacrae Scripturae, PL XXXV 2149-52, 2158-9

Marina Smyth, Understanding the Universe in seventh-century Ireland, (Woodbridge, 1996) 

 

Pseudo-Isidore c. 660

Pseudo-Isidore, De Ordine Creaturarum Liber, PL LXXXIII 935-8

Marina Smyth, Understanding the Universe in seventh-century Ireland, (Woodbridge, 1996)

 

Philippus Presbyter of Sidetes early C5

Philippus Presbyter, Commentarii in Librum Job, PL XXVI 752

Marina Smyth, Understanding the Universe in seventh-century Ireland, (Woodbridge, 1996)

 

Anonymous

Auctor Incertus Galeana scriptorum ,Prooemium, PL CXXII 27

 

Venerable Bede 673-735

Bede, De Natura Rerum Ch 39 De Aestu Oceani, J. A. Giles, London, 1843, p116

Bede, Life of Saint Cuthbert Ch 17, B. Colgrave, Cambridge, 1940 p214

Bede, De Temporum Ratione Ch 29 De Concordia Maris et Lunae, C. W. Jones, Cambridge MA, 1943 p232

Faith Wallis, Bede: The reckoning of time, Liverpool University Press, 1999.

Bede, De Natura Rerum Ch 39 De Aestu Oceani, PL 90 259-

Bede, De Temporum Ratione Ch 29 De Concordia Maris et Lunae, PL 90, -424.

 

Willibald 700-786

Willibald, Vita S. Boniface, PL LXXXIX 0632.

 

William of Malmesbury d. 1143                                                                                            

William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, PL CLVVIX 1153

William of Malmesbury, De Gestis Regum Anglorum vol I, W. Stubbs, London, 1887.

 

Giraldus Cambrensis 1147-1220

Gerald of Wales, Topographia Hibernica et expugnatio Hibernica, IN: J. S. Brewer & J. F. Dimock, Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, Rolls series no. 21 vol. 5, London, 1867, p77-80.

J. J. O’Meara, The history and topography of Ireland, London, 1951, pp58-60.

 

Robert Grosseteste d. 1253

Robert Grosseteste, De impressionibus aëris seu de prognosticatione, IN: Ludwig Baur, Die philosophischen werke des Robert Grosseteste Bischofs von Lincoln, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters 9, Münster, 1912 pp48-9.

Robert Grosseteste, Summa Philosophiae, IN: Ludwig Baur, Die philosophischen werke des Robert Grosseteste Bischofs von Lincoln, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters 9, Münster, 1912 pp622-5.

 

Roger Bacon 1214-1294

Roger Bacon, Opus Majus vol 1, J. H. Bridges, Oxford, 1897-1900, pp139-142.

 

Walter Burley 1275-1345

Walter Burley, De fluxu et refluxu et maris anglicani, Oxford, Oriel College MS 12 ff.119r-120v.

[Either a transcription or a translation of this would be very welcome.]

 

Julius C. Scaliger 1484-1558

Julius Scaliger, Exotericarum Exercitationum liber quintus decimus de Subtilitate ad H. Cardanum, Lutetiae, 1557.

 

Francis Bacon 1561-1626

Sir Francis Bacon, On the ebb and flow of the sea, IN: J. Spedding R. L. Ellis & D. D. Heath, The works of Francis Bacon 14 vols, London, 1857-1874, vol 5 pp443-58.  

 

Johann Kepler 1571-1630

Johann Kepler, Astronomia Nova seu de motu Stellae Maris, IN: C. Frisch, Johanni Kepleri Astronomi Opera Omnia 8vols, Frankfurt and Erlanger, 1858-1871, Vol 1 p64 422 430 Vol 3 p151.

Johann Kepler, Harmonices Mundi, IN: C. Frisch, Johanni Kepleri Astronomi Opera Omnia 8vols, Frankfurt and Erlanger, 1858-1871, Vol 5 p255.

 

Galileo Galilei 1564-1642

Stillman Drake, Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems – Ptolemaic and Copernican, Berkeley, 1953 p416-65.

 

Rene Descartes 1596-1650

Rene Descartes, Principes de la philosophie, IN: V. Cousin, Oeuvres vol 3, 1824, p371-7.

 

Bernhard Varen 1622-1670

William Dugdale, A compleat system of general geography, London, 1733 vol 1 Ch XIV p226-274.

 

I. Vossius

I. Vossius, A treatise concerning the motion of the seas and winds (1677), together with De motu marium et ventorum (1663), (Delmar, NY, 1993).